Warbling Vireo

Vireo gilvus

The Warbling Vireo is a very plain looking bird with a musical warbling song.  They are often found high in the treetops, and may be known by song more than by appearance for many people.  They can be found across much of North America.  The eastern and western birds sing slightly different songs, leading some to believe they should be classified as separate species, but they are virtually identical in appearance.

Habitat: Uses open deciduous or mixed forest during the summer breeding season, especially along woodland edges and clearings.  They can also be found in isolated groves of trees in otherwise largely unforested land, such as farmsteads and shelterbelts, riparian areas, and suburban settings.  They winter in open woods in the tropics. 

Diet: Primarily feeds on insects in all seasons.  Will also eat spiders, snails, fruits, and berries.

Behavior: Forages by moving briskly through foliage and gleaning insects from leaves and branches.  They will also sometimes hover to glean insects.

Nesting: Late May through mid-July.

Breeding Map: Breeding Bird Survey map

Song: A fast musical warbling.  Click to hear the Warbling Vireo song.

Migration: Summers throughout most of the continental United States except for portions of the South, also in much of western Canada.  Winters in Mexico and points south.

Similar Species: Philadelphia Vireo, Tennessee Warbler

Conservation Status: Numbers are probably much greater than before European settlement of North America, due to the vast increases in "edge" habitat created through fragmentation and clearing of forest land. 

Further Information: 1) USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter, Warbling Vireo

2) Cornell Lab of Ornithology - Warbling Vireo

3) eNature.com: Warbling Vireo

Photo Information: May 30th, 2005 - Kingsbury County - Terry Sohl

Additional Photos: Click on the image chips or text links below for additional, higher-resolution Warbling Vireo photos.